Winter can be devastating for unprepared plumbing systems. Frozen pipes can burst, causing thousands of pounds in water damage. Here is your comprehensive guide to protecting your pipes before the cold weather arrives.
Understanding the Risk
When water freezes, it expands by approximately 9%, creating enormous pressure inside pipes. This pressure can cause pipes to burst, leading to flooding, structural damage, and costly repairs. The most vulnerable pipes are those in unheated areas like garages, basements, crawl spaces, and exterior walls.
Pre-Winter Preparation Checklist
Insulate Vulnerable Pipes
- Wrap pipes in unheated areas with pipe insulation or foam sleeves
- Pay special attention to pipes near exterior walls
- Use heat tape on pipes prone to freezing
- Insulate pipes in garages, basements, and crawl spaces
Seal Air Leaks
- Caulk cracks and holes near pipes in walls and foundations
- Install foam insulation around pipes entering your home
- Check for drafts around doors and windows near plumbing
Outdoor Preparation
Garden Taps and External Pipes
- Disconnect and drain all garden hoses
- Turn off water supply to outdoor taps from inside
- Drain remaining water from outdoor taps
- Install outdoor tap covers or insulating jackets
Sprinkler Systems
If you have a sprinkler system, have it professionally drained and blown out with compressed air. Any remaining water can freeze and damage the system components.
During Cold Spells
Maintain Indoor Temperature
- Keep your home heated to at least 16°C (60°F)
- Open cabinet doors under sinks to allow warm air circulation
- Keep interior doors open to maintain consistent temperature
Let Taps Drip
During extreme cold, allow cold water taps to drip slightly. Moving water is less likely to freeze than stagnant water. Focus on taps connected to pipes that run through unheated areas.
If Pipes Do Freeze
Do not panic, but act quickly:
- 1Turn off the main water supply immediately
- 2Open all taps to drain remaining water
- 3Apply gentle heat to frozen sections using a hair dryer or warm towels
- 4Never use open flames or excessive heat
- 5Call a professional plumber if you cannot locate the freeze or if pipes have burst
Long-Term Solutions
For recurring freezing problems, consider:
- Relocating exposed pipes to heated areas
- Installing additional insulation in vulnerable areas
- Upgrading to frost-resistant outdoor taps
- Installing a smart home monitoring system to alert you to temperature drops
Emergency Kit Essentials
Keep these items handy during winter:
- Hair dryer for thawing frozen pipes
- Wrench to turn off main water supply
- Contact details for emergency plumber
- Pipe insulation materials for quick fixes
- Towels and buckets for managing leaks